TestO Audio Path — 3 weeks

Vehicle and passenger car

Vehicle: device meant to travel on roads. Passenger car (turismo): ≥4 wheels for people, max 9 seats including the driver.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Definiciones · §tema-01-vehiculos

Driver and pedestrian

Driver: anyone guiding a vehicle (including a cycle). Pedestrian: anyone walking; also anyone pushing a cycle or non-motor vehicle without riding it.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Definiciones · §tema-01-personas

Light trailer

Trailer: wheeled platform hitched to a motor vehicle. Light: max 750 kg with load. Heavy: may exceed 750 kg.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Definiciones · §tema-01-remolque

Moped vs motorcycle

Motorcycle: petrol >50 cc or speed >45 km/h. Moped: small engine and ≤45 km/h (below motorcycle thresholds).

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Definiciones · §tema-01-motocicletas

Vulnerable road user (1 Oct 2026)

The RGC now defines a vulnerable road user: pedestrians (especially children, older people and people with disability), cyclists, personal-mobility users and motorcycle/moped riders. They face a higher risk of serious injury.

Official theory · Easy Read · Definiciones · §rgc-518-2026-vulnerable

4 documents to carry

Always in the vehicle (originals or certified copy): driving licence, registration certificate, ITV card and third-party liability insurance.

• Licence: authorises you to drive.
• Registration: plate and vehicle data.
• ITV: vehicle is technically fit.
• Liability insurance: covers third parties.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Documentación · §tema-02-documentos

Scope of licence B

With B (from age 18): mopeds, cars up to 9 seats, trailer ≤750 kg, and some special vehicles. Heavier trailer → often B+E.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Documentación · §tema-02-permiso-b

Novice L plate and renewing B

First year: novice with green L plate (white letter) at the rear. Renew B every 10 years (<65) or every 5 years (>65), before it expires.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Documentación · §tema-02-novel-renovar

Starting points

New licence holders start with 8 points. Keeping them can raise you to 12, then 14, max 15. Serious offences deduct points.

TestO study schema · based on the Easy Read manual

Official theory · Easy Read · Anexo: permiso por puntos · §anexo-puntos

Position lights

Show the vehicle and its width (front white, rear red, side amber). At night, in tunnels or dark days; alone only when stopped.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Sistema de luces de los vehículos · §tema-07-posicion

Dipped and main beam

Dipped: lights the road without dazzling; required at night and by day in tunnels/temporary lanes. Main beam: long range outside towns >40 km/h; banned in towns and when stopped; switch to dipped if you may dazzle.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Sistema de luces de los vehículos · §tema-07-cruce-carretera

Fog lights

For fog, snow, heavy rain or smoke. Front (white/yellow) with position lights; rear red only in very poor visibility.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Sistema de luces de los vehículos · §tema-07-antiniebla

Types of vertical signs

Main classes: danger (warn), priority (who goes), prohibition (do not), obligation (you must) and indication (inform or guide).

• Danger: triangle warning of a nearby risk.
• Priority / prohibition / obligation: regulatory.
• Indication: information, direction or services.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Señales de circulación · §tema-08-verticales

Basic road markings

Painted lines guide and regulate. Solid: do not cross or overtake across it. Broken: may cross with care. Roadworks: temporary yellow markings.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Señales de circulación · §tema-08-marcas

Circular traffic lights

Steady red: stop. Steady amber: like red (unless you cannot stop safely). Green: go with junction priority. Flashing amber: give way to traffic and pedestrians. From 1 Oct 2026, flashing amber for vehicles should not coincide with a steady pedestrian green at the same crossing.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Señales de circulación · §tema-08-semaforos

Parts of the road

Carriageway: where vehicles travel. Shoulder (arcén): strip beside it (usually not for normal driving). Pavement/sidewalk: for pedestrians. Platform = carriageway + shoulder.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · La vía · §tema-09-partes

Urban, interurban, through-road

Urban road: inside built-up areas. Interurban: outside. Through-road (travesía): road crossing a town.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · La vía · §tema-09-tipos

Motorway vs ordinary road

Motorway (autopista): cars only, controlled access, separated carriageways, no level crossings; may be tolled. Autovía: similar but more access and free. Ordinary road: one carriageway, more junctions.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · La vía · §tema-09-autopista

Emergency corridor and snow (1 Oct 2026)

If traffic is crawling or stopped: move aside and open a corridor for emergency vehicles. 2 lanes: both sides, gap in the middle. 3 lanes: leftmost to the left, others to the right. Snow on motorways: no overtaking; keep the left lane free for snowploughs and emergency services.

Official theory · Easy Read · La vía · §rgc-518-2026-emergencia

Overtaking

Normally on the left. When overtaking cyclists, e-scooters, pedestrians or mopeds (1 Oct 2026): 1.5 m, full lane change if more than one lane, and −20 km/h vs the limit outside towns. RSM: mirror → signal → manoeuvre.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Maniobras · §tema-11-adelantar

Overtaking vulnerable users (1 Oct 2026)

When overtaking pedestrians, animals, mopeds, e-scooters or cyclists: 1.5 m gap. With more than one lane per direction, change lane fully. Outside towns, drop at least 20 km/h below the speed limit (do not speed up to finish faster).

• 1.5 m lateral gap.
• Full lane change if more than one lane per direction.
• Outside towns: −20 km/h vs the limit.

Official theory · Easy Read · Maniobras · §rgc-518-2026-adelantar

Stopping and parking

Stop: brief, stay with the vehicle. Park: longer. Banned where you obstruct or create danger: junctions, crossings, tunnels, motorway shoulders, double parking, etc.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Maniobras · §tema-11-parar

Entering a roundabout

Roundabout: drive around the centre (do not cut through). On entry, yield to traffic already circulating; signal and choose the right lane.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · La vía · §tema-09-glorieta

Junctions and RSM

Before turning or changing lane: look (mirrors), signal, then move smoothly. Obey lights/signs; do not cut across traffic already in the lane.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Maniobras · §tema-11-rsm

Occupants and seats

Do not carry more people than seats. Each occupant stays seated; board/alight when stopped, toward the pavement or shoulder.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Transportar personas y cargas · §tema-13-personas

Child restraints

Children must use a restraint suited to height/weight (or belt when allowed). Missing child restraints costs points.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Transportar personas y cargas · §tema-13-retencion

Safe load

Secure and balance the load. It must not move, fall, drag, hide lights/signals or make noise/dust. Respect the vehicle’s max weight.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Transportar personas y cargas · §tema-13-carga

Trailer with licence B

With B you may tow a trailer ≤750 kg (with load). Heavier trailers usually need B+E.

TestO study schema · based on the Easy Read manual

Official theory · Easy Read · Documentación · §tema-02-permiso-b

Adapt your speed

In rain, fog, snow or ice, slow down and increase following distance. On motorways when snow hinders traffic (1 Oct 2026): no overtaking; keep the left lane free for snowploughs and emergency vehicles.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Conducir de forma segura · §tema-14-clima

Lights in fog or rain

Fog, snow, heavy rain or smoke: front fog with position lights; rear fog only in very poor visibility. Use dipped/main beam as needed without dazzling.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Sistema de luces de los vehículos · §tema-07-antiniebla

Water and loss of grip

Puddles and standing water can make tyres skate. If they slide: ease off the accelerator, don’t brake hard. First raindrops + dust/grease = high risk. Keep tyres and wipers sound.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Conducir de forma segura · §tema-14-lluvia

Brakes

Brake pedal (right foot): slows or stops; press gently. Handbrake: holds the vehicle (rear wheels). After a puddle, check brakes work.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Elementos del vehículo y normas para usarlos · §tema-06-freno

Oil and coolant

Oil: level between min/max with engine off and cold; if the warning light is on, stop. Coolant: between marks when cold. Change oil/filter per service schedule.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Mecánica y mantenimiento del vehículo · §tema-15-aceite-refrigerante

Tyres

Check pressure, tread and damage. Poor tyres = less grip (rain, bends) and longer stopping distances. Overload or uneven wear also harm the vehicle.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Mecánica y mantenimiento del vehículo · §tema-15-neumaticos

Anticipate

Look far ahead (~20 s of travel), foresee others’ moves and adapt speed. Anticipation avoids harsh braking/accel — safer and uses less fuel.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Conducción preventiva y eficiente · §tema-17-anticipacion

Gears and acceleration

Upshift early (low revs). Avoid harsh acceleration and high revs — they burn more fuel and pollute more.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Conducción preventiva y eficiente · §tema-17-eficiente

Safe following distance

Keep 2–3 seconds behind (more in rain, fog or at night). Enough gap means fewer hard brakes and more efficient driving.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Conducción preventiva y eficiente · §tema-17-espacio

PAS rule

At a crash: Protect → Alert → Help. Good action in the first 10 minutes saves lives and prevents a second crash.

• Protect: vest before exiting, hazards on, mark the scene, handbrake, no smoking.
• Alert: call 112 with clear facts (place, injured, fire).
• Help: only if safe; don’t move the neck without need.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Accidentes de tráfico · §tema-16-pas

Risk factors

The human factor (speed, alcohol, distraction) is involved in most crashes. Road and vehicle matter too, but driver behaviour is key.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Accidentes de tráfico · §tema-16-factores

Failure to assist

Not helping when you safely can, not alerting, or fleeing after causing a crash is a crime (failure to assist).

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Accidentes de tráfico · §tema-16-omision

Blood/breath alcohol limits

Novices (<2 years) and special drivers: 0.15 mg/l breath · 0.3 g/l blood. Others: 0.25 · 0.5. Only safe rate: 0.0.

• Special: goods >3500 kg, >9 seats, minors, emergency, dangerous goods.
• Peak often ~1 hour after drinking.
• Sleep does not clear alcohol quickly.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · El estado del conductor · §tema-03-alcohol

Fatigue and drowsiness

Stop at the first symptoms. Rest 20–30 min every 2 h or 200 km. Ideal cabin ≈ 23 °C.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · El estado del conductor · §tema-03-fatiga

Reaction time

Normally 0.5–1 s. Alcohol, fatigue, medicines and distraction lengthen it.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · El estado del conductor · §tema-03-reaccion

Unsigned junction

Give way to traffic from the right. Exceptions: rail vehicles, paved vs unpaved, already in a roundabout or on a motorway.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Normas de preferencia para circular · §tema-12-cruces

Pedestrian priority

Pedestrians have priority at crossings, pavements and pedestrian zones; when you turn across them; on a shoulder without a pavement; leaving a garage across a walkway.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Normas de preferencia para circular · §tema-12-peatones

Emergency vehicles

With siren and lights on urgent duty they have priority. Move right and stop if needed. Pedestrians clear the carriageway.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Normas de preferencia para circular · §tema-12-urgencias

Tunnel spacing

At least 100 m (or 4 s) ahead; if MMA > 3500 kg: 150 m (or 6 s). Don’t enter on a red tunnel light.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Normas de preferencia para circular · §tema-12-tuneles

Max, min and unsuitable speed

Maximum = legal ceiling. Minimum = don’t crawl abnormally. Unsuitable = within the limit but unsafe for weather, road, load or fatigue.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Velocidad y distancias · §tema-10-tipos

Generic limits (car)

Motorway: 120 (min 60). Conventional road: 90 (sometimes 100). School/dangerous goods: −10 km/h vs that vehicle’s generic limit.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Velocidad y distancias · §tema-10-generica

When to go very slow

Pedestrians (children, elderly…), cyclists, unsigned crossings, schools, animals, stopped buses (esp. school), poor grip, fog/rain, dazzle. Toward level crossing/roundabout/no-priority junction: max 50.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Velocidad y distancias · §tema-10-lenta

Pedestrians outside towns

Walk on the left unless the right is safer. At night: reflective gear visible at 150 m. Groups in single file: white/yellow light in front, red at the back.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Obligaciones de conductores y peatones · §tema-04-peatones

Pedestrians in town

Use the pavement. Cross straight at the crossing; make sure cars stop. Go around roundabouts, don’t cut through. Pushing a bike/moped or wheelchair: keep to the right.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Obligaciones de conductores y peatones · §tema-04-peatones

E-scooters (1 Oct 2026)

Minimum age 15. Helmet required. Vest at night or in poor visibility (delivery riders: always). Banned: pavements, tunnels, through-roads, motorways. Outside towns only cycle/segregated paths. Daytime lights: 1 Oct 2027. No headphones/phone/passengers; alcohol rules like drivers.

TestO study schema · based on the Easy Read manual

Official theory · Easy Read · Obligaciones de conductores y peatones · §tema-04-vmp

Driver duties toward others

Extra care for vulnerable pedestrians. No headphones (except approved motorcycle GPS helmet audio), no handheld phone, don’t open doors blindly, don’t refuel with engine/lights/radio on.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Obligaciones de conductores y peatones · §tema-04-conductores

E-scooters / VMP (1 Oct 2026)

Minimum age 15. Helmet required. Reflective vest at night or in poor visibility (delivery riders: always). No pavements. Outside towns only on cycle/segregated paths. Daytime lights: from 1 Oct 2027.

Official theory · Easy Read · Obligaciones de conductores y peatones · §rgc-518-2026-vmp

Bicycle: helmet and town (1 Oct 2026)

On interurban roads every cyclist must wear a helmet (exemptions removed). In town: ride in the centre of the lane where possible; motor vehicles must leave 5 m behind a cyclist ahead. One-lane 30 km/h streets may allow two-way cycling if authorised.

Official theory · Easy Read · Obligaciones de conductores y peatones · §rgc-518-2026-bici

Active vs passive safety

Active: prevents the crash (brakes, lights, tyres) — you use them. Passive: reduces injury (belt, airbag, headrest) — works automatically.

Figure from the official DGT Easy Read manual + TestO schema · not an exam question

Official theory · Easy Read · Dispositivos de seguridad en el vehículo · §tema-05-seguridad

Motorcycles and mopeds (1 Oct 2026)

Protective gloves on interurban roads. Closed shoes on every road. In a signed jam they may use the right shoulder at ≤30 km/h. Approved (not merely certified) moped helmet: 1 Oct 2027. Delivery riders: helmet and vest always.

Official theory · Easy Read · Dispositivos de seguridad en el vehículo · §rgc-518-2026-moto

Seat belt and pedestrian lights (1 Oct 2026)

Exemptions go: taxis, goods vehicles and driving-school cars must wear the belt. Exception: urgent care in an ambulance patient bay. At signalled crossings, flashing amber for vehicles should not coincide with a steady pedestrian green. On shared-space streets, pedestrians have priority.

Official theory · Easy Read · Dispositivos de seguridad en el vehículo · §rgc-518-2026-cinturon